Lesser, simpler PA/PAO

If you are not interested in competition, then you can use the following simpler PA/PAO. You need only think of 10 persons (and assign each to 0 through 9), 10 actions (the same), and 10 objects (the same). This will allow you to quickly memorise numbers in the range 00-99/000-999. You then place your images in loci or attach them to pegs to memorise longer numbers.

If you are courageous enough, you can PAOA by adding in a list of 10 adverbs/adjectives (quickly, green, etc). This will allow you to create images for numbers in the range 0000-9999.

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Someone recently suggested a similar 1-digit PACO system. It is quick and easy to set up and get started, and I think there might be some value in it, but I have not had a lot of practice with it.

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Oh cool, I did not read that one. It is really the same, they just went for a colour instead of an adverb or adjective.

I also just thought that this can help anyone who is trying to set up a peg list.

Peg 0 would be the person associated with the number 0, peg 10 would be person 1 doing action 0, etc …

Go for a true 2-digit list if you’re even remotely interested in applying this technique in anything more than just a passing curiosity.

Staying with a 1-digit is like being interested in the piano but only barely learning how to play a single note at a time with one hand and then just stopping there, playing only Mary Had A Little Lamb for the rest of time. With just a LITTLE bit more time and effort, you can open up so much more variety, practical functionality, and enjoyment.

I only really recommend a single-digit list as an introduction to help people learn the broader technique of converting abstract numbers into solid visuals, or if using a phonetic system, to help initially learn the number sounds. Once that understanding is reached, a 2-digit system should follow shortly. Even if you aren’t interested in competition or speed challenges, you should go for the 2-digit list. The benefits are so much greater, even for beginners or casual users.

If you start with a simple Person/Object list, leaving out set actions at first, that’s only 200 associations to build and learn. That may seem like a lot, but once you start I think you’ll find it’s actually not that bad. If you learn 50 new associations per week (25 people and 25 objects), then within a month you’ll have seen them all and can start fully implementing them in practice. Don’t underestimate the power of your brain to do be able to handle this.

(Important: don’t pick the people AND objects for the sets of 00-24, 25-49, 50-74, 75-99 to learn… Pick the people from one set and the objects from another each week. This way you’ll be learning to associate those element types INDEPENEDENTLY of each other, directly to their number. So instead of 11 being ToDD with a ToaD, 11 is ToDD when it is a person and it’s a ToaD when it’s an object. A small but important distinction. More elaboration on that here.)

Yes, it will take a little longer to get familiar with the associations, but the advantage it confers is huge compared to a 1:1 encoding system. You can get twice as many digits encoded with the same number of elements. Would you rather have to keep track of 8 elements to memorize a 16 digit credit card number, or 16 elements? A 10 digit phone number only takes 5 elements instead of having to keep track of 10.

Remember, the important factors of a number system are how many digits can be encoded into a SINGLE ELEMENT and also how few mental conversions you need to go through to translate a number to its associated element and vice versa. You can cram many ELEMENTS into a single SCENE, but you’ll still need to encode/decode each element accurately and in order. It’s much more effective to encode 4 digits as a scene containing two interacting elements that each represent 2-digits than it is to encode 4 digits as a four element scene. More on ELEMENTS vs IMAGES/SCENES and SYSTEM terminology.

The trade-off is the effort spent in building the 2-digit system, but realistically speaking, wouldn’t you rather take a couple extra weeks at the beginning during the learning and building phase to ultimately save yourself TONS of effort, time, and frustration once you start using it?

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To put what @TheHumanTim said in numbers (I added 2-digit major system to the table out of interest but do not comment on it):

                                      PAO  PAAO  2-digit major
encoding elements                       3     4      1
numbers encoded                       100    10    100
num digits encoded                      2     1      2
elements for 16 digit CC number         8    16      8
num digits per image (efficiency)       6     4      2
images to memorize 16 digit CC number   3     4      8
num concepts to memorize              300    40    100
startup memorization to efficiency     50    10     50

Note: PAAO = Person/Action/Adjective/Object. A subvariant of that is PACO = Person/Action/Color/Object

Investment required to learn the system:
The number of concepts to create and memorize for 2-digit PAO is 7.5 times that of 1-digit PAAO (300 vs 40). The size of investment for 2-digit PAO to get started is much higher.

Efficiency of memorization:
Number of elements is important for two reasons:

  1. As he states, the encoding density. A 2-digit means there are fewer elements to memorize.
  2. Lookup frequency. With a 1-digit system, you have to do a lookup for every digit, which is slower, and then decode into only a single digit for every element.

My take:
For some people, the 1-digit PAAO might be good enough for everyday things. For shorter numbers (up to a 16-digit credit card), the 1-digit PAAO system is slightly disadvantaged compare to 2-digit PAO, but is far better than rote memorization or linking. It would be a lot harder for larger numbers. You would not want to do memory sports or 100 digits of pi with it.

A 1-digit 4-element system such as PAAO or PACO could be a quick start “tide me over” system to help get your feet wet (think Woody in Toy Story) until you are able to develop a 2-digit PAO (think Buzz Lightyear in Toy Story). Once you have Buzz Lightyear, you never go back to Woody.

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