Learning to understand

I need to learn how to understand. I need a set of steps to trigger comprehension. Maybe a flow chart, a system, anything helpful. My question is simple;

What do I need to do to understand a concept?

This started from another question but @Hari-P made me begin to reanalyze and rethink certain things.

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/rote-vs-memory-techniques/110915/3?u=clarence

To reasonably pursue this, I think there is a need to understand comprehension (not just be able to define it).

  1. What really happens in our brains when we understand something?
  2. What is the method to understand a concept?
  3. Which kind of understanding transfers directly to problem solving?
  4. How do we measure understanding reliably and be sure we aren’t just measuring memory?, if comprehension is the ability to explain a concept, have I understood it when I memorized the definition?
  5. How closely linked are memory and comprehension and what is the relationship?
  6. If there are steps to trigger comprehension, will they differ by subject type? If so please give the different steps corresponding with each type of subject.

I believe this will help me in my learning process to reliably distinguish between problems caused by understanding and those caused by memory and try my best to improve if indeed I suffer from a problem with comprehension. It will also help to know what’s best to encode in any given topic or subject. I will appreciate insights from experience. We focus so much on memory improvement here, why decide to leave understanding, a very crucial aspect of learning to some unconscious processes?

Thank you in advance for your help​:blush:.